Obama Plan May Allow Millions of Immigrants to Stay and Work in U.S.
By MICHAEL D. SHEAR, JULIA PRESTON and ASHLEY PARKER
NOV. 13, 2014 - New York Times
WASHINGTON — President
Obama will ignore angry protests from Republicans and announce as soon as
next week a broad overhaul of the nationfs immigration enforcement system that
will protect up to five million unauthorized immigrants from the threat of
deportation and provide many of them with work permits, according to
administration officials who have direct knowledge of the plan.
Asserting his authority as
president to enforce the nationfs laws with discretion, Mr. Obama intends to
order changes that will significantly refocus the activities of the governmentfs
12,000 immigration agents. One key piece of the order, officials said, will
allow many parents of children who are American citizens or legal residents to
obtain legal work documents and no longer worry about being discovered,
separated from their families and sent away.
That part of Mr. Obamafs plan
alone could affect as many as 3.3 million people who have been living in the
United States illegally for at least five years, according to an
analysis by the Migration Policy Institute, an immigration research
organization in Washington. But the White House is also considering a stricter
policy that would limit the benefits to people who have lived in the country for
at least 10 years, or about 2.5 million people.
Extending protections to more
undocumented immigrants who came to the United States as children, and to their
parents, could affect an additional one million or more if they are included in
the final plan that the president announces. White House officials are also
still debating whether to include protections for farm workers who have entered
the country illegally but have been employed for years in the agriculture
industry, a move that could affect hundreds of thousands of people.
Mr. Obamafs actions will also
expand opportunities for legal immigrants who have high-tech skills, shift extra
security resources to the nationfs southern border, revamp a controversial
immigration enforcement program called Secure Communities, and provide
clearer guidance to the agencies that enforce immigration laws about who should
be a low priority for deportation, especially those with strong family ties and
no serious criminal history.
A new memorandum, which will
direct the actions of enforcement and border agents and immigration judges, will
make clear that deportations should still proceed for convicted criminals,
foreigners who pose national security risks and recent border crossers,
officials said.
White House officials declined to
comment publicly before a formal announcement by Mr. Obama, who will return from
an eight-day trip to Asia on Sunday. Administration officials said details about
the package of executive actions were still being finished and could change. An
announcement could be pushed off until next month but will not be delayed to
next year, officials said.
Announcing the actions quickly
could hand critics like Senator Ted Cruz of Texas a specific target to attack,
but it would also give immigration advocates something to defend. Waiting until
later in December could allow the budget to be approved before setting off a
fight over immigration.
gBefore the end of the year, wefre
going to take whatever lawful actions that I can take that I believe will
improve the functioning of our immigration system,h Mr. Obama said during a news
conference a day after last weekfs midterm elections. gWhat Ifm not going to do
is just wait.h
The decision to move forward sets
in motion a political confrontation between Mr. Obama and his Republican
adversaries that is likely to affect budget negotiations and the debate over
Loretta E. Lynch, the presidentfs
nominee to be attorney general, during the lame-duck session of Congress
that began this week.
Speaker John A. Boehner said
Thursday afternoon that if Mr. Obama went forward on his own, House Republicans
would gfight the president tooth and nail.h
Mr. Boehner is considering suing
Mr. Obama over immigration — as Republicans have said they might do on the
presidentfs health
care law — and on Thursday he refused to rule out a government shutdown,
despite saying that was not his goal.
gWe are looking at all options, and
theyfre on the table,h Mr. Boehner said.
In the Senate, a group of
Republicans — led by Mr. Cruz, Senator Mike Lee of Utah and Senator Jeff
Sessions of Alabama — is already planning to thwart any executive action on
immigration. The senators are hoping to rally their fellow Republicans to oppose
efforts to pass a budget next month unless it prohibits the president from
enacting what they call gexecutive amnestyh for people in the country
illegally.
gIf the president wants to change
the legal structure, he should go through Congress rather than acting on his
own,h Mr. Lee said Thursday. gI think itfs very important for us to do what we
can to prevent it.h
But the president and his top
aides have concluded that acting unilaterally is in the interest of the country
and the only way to increase political pressure on Republicans to eventually
support a legislative overhaul that could put millions of illegal immigrants on
a path to legal status and perhaps citizenship. Mr. Obama has told lawmakers
privately and publicly that he will reverse his executive orders if they pass a
comprehensive bill that he agrees to sign.
White House officials reject as
overblown the dire warnings from some in Congress who predict that such a
sweeping use of presidential power will undermine any possibility for
cooperation in Washington with the newly empowered Republican majority.
gI think it will create a backlash
in the country that could actually set the cause back and inflame our politics
in a way that I donft think will be conducive to solving the problem,h said
Senator Angus King of Maine, an independent who caucuses with the Democrats and
supports an immigration overhaul.
Although a Republican president
could reverse Mr. Obamafs overhaul of the system after he leaves office in
January 2017, the presidentfs action for now will remove the threat of
deportation for millions of people in Latino and other immigrant communities.
Officials said lawyers had been working for months to make sure the presidentfs
proposal would be glegally unassailableh when he presented it.
The major elements of the
presidentfs plan are based on longstanding legal precedents that give the
executive branch the right to exercise gprosecutorial discretionh in how it
enforces the laws. Those precedents are also the basis of a 2012 decision to
protect from deportation the so-called Dreamers, who came to the United States
as young children.
gIfm confident that what the
president will do will be consistent with our laws,h Attorney General Eric H.
Holder Jr. said Thursday.
The White House expects a chorus
of outside legal experts to back the administrationfs legal assessment once Mr.
Obama makes the plan official.
In several glistening sessionsh at
the White House over the last year, immigration activists came armed with legal
briefs, and White House officials believe those arguments will form the basis of
the public defense of his actions.
Many pro-immigration groups and
advocates — as well as the Hispanic voters who could be crucial for Democratsf
hopes of winning the White House in 2016 — are expecting bold action, having
grown increasingly frustrated after watching a sweeping bipartisan immigration
bill fall prey to a gridlocked Congress last year.
gThis is his last chance to make
good on his promise to fix the system,h said Kevin Appleby, the director of
migration policy at the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops. gIf he
delays again, the immigration activists would — just politically speaking — jump
the White House fence.h